Dr. Besim Guda, nj\u00eb nga ekspert\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e kardiologjis\u00eb, ka ndar\u00eb k\u00ebshilla t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsimin e publikut mbi rrezikun e s\u00ebmundjeve kardiovaskulare. <\/p>\n
Duke theksuar r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e parandalimit dhe kujdesit t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr zemr\u00ebn, Dr. Guda u b\u00ebn thirrje qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb informuar dhe t\u00eb marrin masa t\u00eb hershme p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur pasojat e r\u00ebnda sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore.<\/p>\n
Shkrimi i plot\u00eb:<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb kontribut modest p\u00ebr senzibilizimin e opinionit p\u00ebr rrezikun nga s\u00ebmundjet kardiovaskulare .<\/p>\n
Prevenca e s\u00ebmundjeve kardiovaskulare .<\/p>\n
S\u00ebmundjet kardiovaskulare (SKV)
\np\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsojn\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e jet\u00ebs, shkaktojn\u00eb
\npaaft\u00ebsi, dob\u00ebsojn\u00eb ekonomikisht kombin dhe shkurtojn\u00eb gjat\u00ebsin\u00eb e pritur t\u00eb jet\u00ebs dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb kan\u00eb trend negativ i rritjes s\u00eb incidenc\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
Epidemiologjia e s\u00ebmundjeve kardiovaskulare<\/p>\n
Sot n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, s\u00ebmundjet kardiovaskulare jan\u00eb shkaku kryesor i vdekjeve 50 % pjes\u00ebmarrje, nd\u00ebrsa, p\u00ebr hir t\u00eb krahasimit, vdekshm\u00ebria tek s\u00ebmundjet malinje \u00ebsht\u00eb 22%. \u00c7do i kat\u00ebrti banor n\u00eb vendet e zhvilluara vuan nga s\u00ebmundjet ishemike t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs dhe jet\u00ebgjat\u00ebsia e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb shkurtuar p\u00ebr rreth 7 vite.
\n Cilat jan\u00eb s\u00ebmundjet kardiovaskulare?<\/p>\n
\u2022 S\u00ebmundjet kardiovaskulare m\u00eb t\u00eb shpeshta jan\u00eb
\ns\u00ebmundjet aterosklerotike t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs dhe en\u00ebve t\u00eb gjakut dhe p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb :
\nA-S\u00ebmundja ishemike e zemr\u00ebs,
\n\u2022 -angina pectoris e q\u00ebndrueshme,
\n\u2022 – sindroma akute koronare,
\n\u2022 -vdekje e papritur kardiake,
\n\u2022 – d\u00ebshtimi i zemr\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
B- Goditja akute ne tru (insuficienca akute SNQ)
\n-infarkti ishemik
\n-hemorragjit\u00eb
\n Goditjet n\u00eb tru jane shkaku i 10 nga vdekshm\u00ebria totale vjetore n\u00eb bot\u00eb, dhe gjysma e t\u00eb mbijetuarve jan\u00eb invalid\u00eb.<\/p>\n
C- Okluzioni ( mbyllja ) arterieve periferike
\ne njohur si s\u00ebmundje (ateroskleroza ) e ekstremiteteve t\u00eb poshtme.<\/p>\n
Faktor\u00ebt e rrezikut <\/p>\n
Faktor\u00eb t\u00eb pandryshuesh\u00ebm te rriskut p\u00ebr te fituar SKV jan\u00eb :
\n– mosha,
\n– gjinia,
\n– status i ul\u00ebt socio-ekonomik !
\n– anamneza familjare pozitive per SKV ( gjenetika)
\nK\u00ebta faktor nuk mund ndryshohen andaj edhe intervenimi yn\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebta faktor \u00ebsht\u00eb pa efekt !<\/p>\n
Faktor\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshuesh\u00ebm , t\u00eb cil\u00ebt t\u00eb korigjuar mund vonojn\u00eb s\u00ebmundjen te personat e ekspozuar dhe reduktojn\u00eb komplikimet n\u00eb pacient\u00ebt me SKV.
\n N\u00eb variabla faktor\u00ebt e rrezikut t\u00eb ndryshuesh\u00ebm jan\u00eb :
\n– Hipertensioni arterial,
\n– pirja e duhanit,
\n– LDL-kolesteroli i larte,
\n– obeziteti,
\n– diabetes mellitus,
\n– ushqim jo i duhur,
\n– pasiviteti fizik<\/p>\n
Hipertensioni arterial (HTA) \u00ebsht\u00eb i ngritje e
\npresionit te gjakut m\u00eb i lart\u00eb ose i barabart\u00eb me 140\/90 mmHg ose i ulur me terapi. Hipertensioni arterial
\nndodh n\u00eb rreth 20 % t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb bot\u00ebs, n\u00eb 95%
\ne rasteve \u00ebsht\u00eb par\u00ebsor-primar , ndersa n\u00eb rreth 75% rasteve nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb rregulluar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb joadekuate. Ekzaminimi p\u00ebr HTA kryhet nj\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb 2 vjet te personat me tension arterial normal.
\n Procedura p\u00ebr diagnostikimin e HTA ka p\u00ebr
\nq\u00ebllim
\n– p\u00ebrcaktimi i lart\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb presionit t\u00eb gjakut
\n– p\u00ebrcaktimi i shkaktarit t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm
\n– vler\u00ebsimi i rrezikut total t\u00eb CV (shoq\u00ebruar
\nfaktor\u00ebt e rrezikut, d\u00ebmtimi i organeve te cakut),
\n– vler\u00ebsimi i m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs s\u00eb jetes\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
Terapia e hipertensionit arterial \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb fakt
\nnd\u00ebrhyrja n\u00eb parandalimin e SKV.
\nQ\u00ebllimi i trajtimit \u00ebsht\u00eb ulje e presionit t\u00eb gjakut n\u00ebn 140\/90 mmHg, dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb reduktimin e s\u00ebmundshm\u00ebris\u00eb CV dhe vdekshm\u00ebris\u00eb.
\nTerapia HTA duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse, pra p\u00ebrfshin korrigjimin faktor\u00ebve t\u00eb rrezikut dhe trajtimin farmakologjik<\/p>\n
Trajtimi farmakologjik me monoterapi ( vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb bari ) i HTA \u00ebsht\u00eb i suksessh\u00ebm n\u00eb 50% t\u00eb pacient\u00ebve, terapia me 2 barna n\u00eb 30 % t\u00eb pacient\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb , pacient\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb ia dalim t\u00eb stabilizojn\u00eb tensionin arterial me 3 barna, me p\u00ebrjashtim t\u00eb atyre me hipertension arterial rezistent. <\/p>\n
Pirja e duhanit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb faktor i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm rreziku p\u00ebr SKV (\u00e7on n\u00eb ateroskleroz\u00eb dhe vazospaz\u00ebm), dhe duke e l\u00ebn\u00eb duhanin rreziku zvog\u00eblohet me 50 % gjat\u00eb 1 viti .
\nKrahasuar me jo-duhanpir\u00ebsit, duhanpir\u00ebsit kan\u00eb
\n70 % rrezik m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ngjarje koronare fatale.<\/p>\n
Pirja e duhanit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje e varshm\u00ebris\u00eb dhe ka nj\u00eb tendenc\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur vazhdimisht doz\u00ebn. N\u00eb \u00e7do takim me pacient, nj\u00eb punonj\u00ebs i kujdesit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb prezent\u00eb p\u00ebrveq mjekut ordinues. <\/p>\n
Efektet negative t\u00eb pirjes s\u00eb duhanit t\u00eb lidhura me efektin n\u00eb SKV jan\u00eb :
\n-vazokonstriksion i en\u00ebve t\u00eb gjakut,
\n-takikardia,
\n-rritje e presionit t\u00eb gjakut,
\n-rritje rezistenc\u00ebs vaskulare periferike,
\n– rritje e nivelit t\u00eb katekolaminave,
\n– d\u00ebmtimi i endotelit dhe ateroskleroza,
\n– aktivizimi i sistemit simpatik nervor,
\n– rritja e viskozitetit t\u00eb gjakut,
\n– zvog\u00eblimi HDL dhe rritja e oksidimit t\u00eb LDL-kolesterolit.<\/p>\n
\u00c7rregullimi t\u00eb statusit t\u00eb lipideve i cili
\nrrit rrezikun p\u00ebr SKV flasim kur vlerat :
\n\u2022 Kolesteroli LDL m\u00eb i lart\u00eb se 3 mmol\/l (shkaqet
\nbashk\u00ebpirja e duhanit, mosha, diabeti, hipertensioni ose
\ntrash\u00ebgimia),
\n\u2022 Kolesteroli HDL m\u00eb pak se 1.03 mmol\/l p\u00ebr
\nmeshkujt dhe m\u00eb pak se 1.29 mmol\/l p\u00ebr femrat (shkaqet bashk\u00eb-obeziteti, pirja e duhanit, pasiviteti fizik, intoleranca e glukoz\u00ebs),
\n\u2022 Trigliceridet m\u00eb t\u00eb larta se 1.7 mmol\/l (shkaqet
\nobeziteti bashk\u00ebqendror, diabeti, trash\u00ebgimia).<\/p>\n
USHQIMI<\/p>\n
Ushqimi mir\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb diet\u00eb e gabuar q\u00eb ka nj\u00eb nivel m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb energjie se sa vlerat e rekomanduara p\u00ebr nj\u00eb individ te caktauar , n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb grup b\u00ebjn\u00eb pj\u00ebs\u00eb ushqimet si me posht\u00eb:<\/p>\n
– konsumimi i nj\u00eb diete t\u00eb pasur me yndyrna t\u00eb ngopura
\n– kolesterol,
\n– karbohidrate te thjeshta,
\n– krip\u00eb, <\/p>\n
Ushqimi i duhur<\/p>\n
Ushqimi i duhur parandalon obezitetin
\n– perimet dhe fruta 5 porcione n\u00eb dit\u00eb,
\n– drith\u00ebra intergrale,
\n– mish pa dhjam\u00eb,
\n– shum\u00eb peshk,
\n– deri n\u00eb 4 vez\u00eb n\u00eb jav\u00eb,
\n– vaj ulliri dhe vaji i palm\u00ebs… t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto
\nt\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur si\u00e7 duhet dhe n\u00eb 3 vakte kryesore dhe 2
\nmes vakte . \u00c7do diet\u00eb individuale funksionon
\ntek pacienti vet\u00ebm pas konsult\u00ebs tek nj\u00eb specialist dietolog.<\/p>\n
Jo aktiviteti fizik<\/p>\n
Jo aktiviteti fizik \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb faktor rreziku p\u00ebr zhvillimi i SKV, megjithat\u00eb 60 % e popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb bot\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb
\nfizikisht jo mjaftuesh\u00ebm aktive. Njer\u00ebzit me aktivitet te dob\u00ebt fizik kan\u00eb nj\u00eb rrezik 2 her\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebr t’u s\u00ebmurur nga SKV se sa ata aktiv fizikisht.
\nAsnj\u00eb studim nuk ka v\u00ebrtetuar nj\u00eb rrezik t\u00eb lart\u00eb
\nnga SKV te personat fizikisht aktiv\u00eb. Aktiviteti fizik i mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndet t\u00eb mir\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb aktiviteti i moderuar, 30- 60 min n\u00eb dit\u00eb 4 deri n\u00eb 6 her\u00eb n\u00eb jav\u00eb.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebrfitimi i drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb nga aktiviteti fizik
\n\u00ebsht\u00eb :
\n-parandalimi i obezitetit,
\n-ulja nivelit t\u00eb sheqerit n\u00eb gjak,
\n-ulje e frekuenc\u00ebs t\u00eb rrahurave t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs
\n-rritje e efektit t\u00eb insulin\u00ebs,
\n-ulje e nivelit t\u00eb LDL-kolesterolit dhe triglicerideve, — -rritet HDL-kolesteroli,
\n-ulja e tensionit arterial,
\n-rritje e elasticitetit t\u00eb en\u00ebve t\u00eb gjakut
\n-stimulimi i qarkullimit venoz,
\n-parandalimi osteoporoz\u00ebs,
\n-rritja e rezistenc\u00ebs ndaj stresit.<\/p>\n
Kur rekomandohet nj\u00eb aktivitet fizik specifik
\np\u00ebr pacientin, duhet t\u00eb shikohen
\n– vitet-mosha,
\n– gjendja e aparatit lokomotor,
\n– gjendja fizike,
\n– masa trupore
\n– BMI,
\n– komorbiditete
\n-kushtet mikroklimatike t\u00eb mjedisit,
\n-substrati p\u00ebr rekreacion dhe trajnim.<\/p>\n
Sindroma metabolike (SM).<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr t\u00eb diagnostifikuar Sindorm\u00ebn metabolike tek njer\u00ebzit obez\u00eb sipas konsensusit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar
\np\u00ebr diabet duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushen t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 3 nga 5 kriteret :
\n– perimetri i belit mbi 94 cm p\u00ebr meshkujt dhe mbi 80 cm p\u00ebr femrat ,
\n– TA m\u00eb i madh ose i barabart\u00eb me 130\/85 mmHg,
\n– trigliceride n\u00eb gjak m\u00eb t\u00eb larta ose t\u00eb barabarta me 1.7 mmol\/l,
\n– glicemia m\u00eb e larte ose e barabart\u00eb me 5.6 mmol\/l,
\n– HDL-kolesterol m\u00eb pak se 1.29 mmol\/l p\u00ebr grat\u00eb dhe m\u00eb pak se 1.03 p\u00ebr meshkujt.
\nPrania e nj\u00eb SM paraqet nj\u00eb risk\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebr ndodhi madhore kardiovaskulare.<\/p>\n
Andaj si perfundim , cka mundemi t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb ruhemi, kursehemi ,prevenojm\u00eb s\u00ebmundjet kardiovaskulare :
\n– rregullo tensionin arterial me ushtrime dhe barna,
\n– rregullo sheqerin me ushtrime dhe barna,
\n– rregullo yndyrnat me ushtrime dhe barna,
\n– rregullo pesh\u00ebn trupore me ushtrime dhe ushqim t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetsh\u00ebm !
\n– ndalo duhanin , n\u00ebse nuk mundesh ,rralloje , tri cigare m\u00eb pak n\u00eb dit\u00eb ti ke bere dicka p\u00ebr vete.
\n– Ushtro rregullisht , l\u00ebviz , ec ,vrapo. Mos rri shtrire ,se me shekuj shtrire do te rrish !<\/p>\n
Kombi i sh\u00ebndetsh\u00ebm ka mendje t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetshme !<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Dr. Besim Guda, nj\u00eb nga ekspert\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e kardiologjis\u00eb, ka ndar\u00eb k\u00ebshilla t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsimin e publikut mbi rrezikun e s\u00ebmundjeve kardiovaskulare. Duke theksuar r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e parandalimit dhe kujdesit t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr zemr\u00ebn, Dr. Guda u b\u00ebn thirrje qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb informuar dhe t\u00eb marrin masa t\u00eb hershme p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":180646,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-180649","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-shendetesi"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiostargjilan.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/180649","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiostargjilan.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiostargjilan.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiostargjilan.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiostargjilan.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=180649"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/radiostargjilan.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/180649\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiostargjilan.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/180646"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiostargjilan.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=180649"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiostargjilan.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=180649"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiostargjilan.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=180649"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}