Qeveria e Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara i b\u00ebri t\u00eb ditura t\u00eb dh\u00ebna e reja k\u00ebt\u00eb jav\u00eb p\u00ebr autizmin, t\u00eb cilat tregojn\u00eb se shkalla e diagnostikimeve me autiz\u00ebm te f\u00ebmij\u00ebt amerikan\u00eb sh\u00ebnoi rritje rekorde n\u00eb vitin 2022.<\/p>\n
Autizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7rregullim neurologjik dhe zhvillimor, i karakterizuar nga nd\u00ebrprerje n\u00eb sinjalizimin e trurit, t\u00eb cilat shkaktojn\u00eb sjellje, komunikim, nd\u00ebrveprim dhe t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar t\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb pazakonshme.<\/p>\n
Numri i f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb diagnostikuar me autiz\u00ebm n\u00eb SHBA \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur ndjesh\u00ebm q\u00eb nga viti 2000. Kjo ka shtuar shqet\u00ebsimin publik se \u00e7far\u00eb po e shkakton p\u00ebrhapjen e tij.<\/p>\n
Si diagnostikohet autizmi?<\/p>\n
Nuk ka mjete objektive p\u00ebr diagnostikimin e \u00c7rregullimit t\u00eb Spektrit t\u00eb Autizmit (ASD), si\u00e7 njihet autizmi me em\u00ebr mjek\u00ebsor, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb analizat gjaku apo skanimi i trurit n\u00eb r\u00ebntgen. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb tyre, diagnozat b\u00ebhen bazuar n\u00eb v\u00ebzhgime dhe intervista.<\/p>\n
Termi “spekt\u00ebr” pasqyron gam\u00ebn e gjer\u00eb t\u00eb manifestimeve t\u00eb mundshme. Disa persona me ASD mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb mira p\u00ebr bised\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tjer\u00eb mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb jokomunikues. Disa mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm ndaj z\u00ebrave, prekjes apo stimujve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. T\u00eb tjer\u00eb mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb sjellje ose interesa t\u00eb kufizuara apo t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritura. Disa mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr ndihm\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e p\u00ebrditshme, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tjer\u00eb shum\u00eb pak ose fare.<\/p>\n
Akademia Amerikane e Pediatris\u00eb k\u00ebshillon q\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt t\u00eb kontrollohen p\u00ebr autiz\u00ebm n\u00eb muajt 18 dhe 24, kur shumica e tyre fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb shfaqin simptoma. Megjithat\u00eb, mosha mesatare e diagnoz\u00ebs mbetet af\u00ebr 4 vje\u00e7 n\u00eb SHBA dhe 5 vje\u00e7 globalisht.<\/p>\n
Sa i zakonsh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb autizmi?<\/p>\n
N\u00eb vitin 2022, shkalla e diagnostikimit me autiz\u00ebm te 8-vje\u00e7ar\u00ebt n\u00eb SHBA ishte 1 n\u00eb 31, ose 3.2 p\u00ebr qind, nga 2.77 p\u00ebr qind n\u00eb vitin 2020, 2.27 p\u00ebr qind n\u00eb vitin 2018 dhe 0.66 p\u00ebr qind n\u00eb vitin 2000, sipas Qendrave Amerikane p\u00ebr Kontrollin dhe Parandalimin e S\u00ebmundjeve (CDC).<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb studim n\u00eb Angli n\u00eb vitin 2021 gjeti se shkalla e autizmit te f\u00ebmij\u00ebt atje u rrit n\u00eb 1.76 p\u00ebr qind, nga 1.57 p\u00ebr qind n\u00eb vitin 2009.<\/p>\n
Organizata Bot\u00ebrore e Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb vler\u00ebson se p\u00ebrhapja globale te f\u00ebmij\u00ebt \u00ebsht\u00eb 1 p\u00ebr qind, nga 0.62 p\u00ebr qind n\u00eb 2012, me v\u00ebrejtjen se shum\u00eb vende nuk kan\u00eb burime p\u00ebr t\u2019i identifikuar dhe raportuar rastet.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ka e shkakton autizmin?<\/p>\n
Shkaqet e autizmit nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb qarta.<\/p>\n
Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt mendojn\u00eb se karakteristikat neurologjike mund t\u00eb zhvillohen gjat\u00eb shtatz\u00ebnis\u00eb, kur truri i fetusit \u00ebsht\u00eb duke u form\u00ebsuar. Studimet e lidhin autizmin me faktor\u00eb gjat\u00eb shtatz\u00ebnis\u00eb, dhe disa k\u00ebrkime sugjerojn\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhje me komplikimet gjat\u00eb lindjes dhe koh\u00ebn e lindjes.<\/p>\n
Faktor\u00ebt gjenetik\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb rreth 80 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb rrezikut p\u00ebr zhvillimin e autizmit, sipas studimeve.<\/p>\n
Akademia Amerikane e Pediatris\u00eb k\u00ebshillon q\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt t\u00eb kontrollohen p\u00ebr autiz\u00ebm n\u00eb muajt 18 dhe 24, kur shumica e tyre fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb shfaqin simptoma. Megjithat\u00eb, mosha mesatare e diagnoz\u00ebs mbetet af\u00ebr 4 vje\u00e7 n\u00eb SHBA dhe 5 vje\u00e7 globalisht.<\/p>\n
Sa i zakonsh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb autizmi?<\/p>\n
N\u00eb vitin 2022, shkalla e diagnostikimit me autiz\u00ebm te 8-vje\u00e7ar\u00ebt n\u00eb SHBA ishte 1 n\u00eb 31, ose 3.2 p\u00ebr qind, nga 2.77 p\u00ebr qind n\u00eb vitin 2020, 2.27 p\u00ebr qind n\u00eb vitin 2018 dhe 0.66 p\u00ebr qind n\u00eb vitin 2000, sipas Qendrave Amerikane p\u00ebr Kontrollin dhe Parandalimin e S\u00ebmundjeve (CDC).<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb studim n\u00eb Angli n\u00eb vitin 2021 gjeti se shkalla e autizmit te f\u00ebmij\u00ebt atje u rrit n\u00eb 1.76 p\u00ebr qind, nga 1.57 p\u00ebr qind n\u00eb vitin 2009.<\/p>\n
Organizata Bot\u00ebrore e Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb vler\u00ebson se p\u00ebrhapja globale te f\u00ebmij\u00ebt \u00ebsht\u00eb 1 p\u00ebr qind, nga 0.62 p\u00ebr qind n\u00eb 2012, me v\u00ebrejtjen se shum\u00eb vende nuk kan\u00eb burime p\u00ebr t\u2019i identifikuar dhe raportuar rastet.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ka e shkakton autizmin?<\/p>\n
Shkaqet e autizmit nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb qarta.<\/p>\n
Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt mendojn\u00eb se karakteristikat neurologjike mund t\u00eb zhvillohen gjat\u00eb shtatz\u00ebnis\u00eb, kur truri i fetusit \u00ebsht\u00eb duke u form\u00ebsuar. Studimet e lidhin autizmin me faktor\u00eb gjat\u00eb shtatz\u00ebnis\u00eb, dhe disa k\u00ebrkime sugjerojn\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhje me komplikimet gjat\u00eb lindjes dhe koh\u00ebn e lindjes.<\/p>\n
Faktor\u00ebt gjenetik\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb rreth 80 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb rrezikut p\u00ebr zhvillimin e autizmit, sipas studimeve.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb fush\u00eb k\u00ebrkimi n\u00eb rritje \u00ebsht\u00eb epigjenetika \u2013 nd\u00ebrveprimi midis faktor\u00ebve gjenetik\u00eb dhe atyre mjedisor\u00eb. Nj\u00eb teori sugjeron se ekspozimi i nj\u00eb gruaje ndaj ndotjes s\u00eb ajrit ose substancave t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme para ose gjat\u00eb shtatz\u00ebnis\u00eb mund t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb nj\u00eb mutacion gjenetik q\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb autiz\u00ebm te f\u00ebmija.<\/p>\n
Variacionet gjenetike te disa persona me autiz\u00ebm forcojn\u00eb provat p\u00ebr nj\u00eb komponent gjenetik. Disa \u00e7rregullime gjenetike t\u00eb lidhura me rrezik m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebr autiz\u00ebm p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb sindrom\u00ebn Fragile X, kompleksin skleroz\u00eb tuberoz, sindrom\u00ebn Phelan-McDermid dhe sindrom\u00ebn Prader-Willi.<\/p>\n
Faktor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb pesh\u00ebn shum\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt n\u00eb lindje, verdh\u00ebz\u00ebn te t\u00eb porsalindurit, komplikimet gjat\u00eb shtatz\u00ebnis\u00eb ose lindjes, probleme me flor\u00ebn bakteriale t\u00eb zorr\u00ebve, \u00e7rregullime t\u00eb sistemit imunitar, t\u00eb pasurit nj\u00eb v\u00eblla ose mot\u00ebr me autiz\u00ebm, dhe faktor\u00eb prind\u00ebror\u00eb si mosha, obeziteti dhe diabeti.<\/p>\n
Sekretari amerikan i Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb, Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. dhe figura t\u00eb tjera publike kan\u00eb promovuar nj\u00eb teori \u2013 n\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtim me provat shkencore \u2013 se vaksinat e f\u00ebmij\u00ebris\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb autiz\u00ebm.<\/p>\n
Ideja rrjedh nga nj\u00eb studim i rr\u00ebzuar m\u00eb par\u00eb i studiuesit britanik, Andrew Wakefield, n\u00eb fund t\u00eb viteve \u201890 q\u00eb e lidhi rritjen rasteve me autiz\u00ebm me p\u00ebrdorimin e madh t\u00eb vaksin\u00ebs s\u00eb fruthit.<\/p>\n
Asnj\u00eb studim serioz nuk ka gjetur lidhje midis autizmit dhe vaksinave apo p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebsve t\u00eb tyre si timerosali apo formaldehidi. Shkalla e vaksinimit ka r\u00ebn\u00eb nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb rastet me autiz\u00ebm jan\u00eb rritur.<\/p>\n
Pse po rriten rastet me autiz\u00ebm?<\/p>\n
Studiuesit ia atribuojn\u00eb kryesisht rritjen e rasteve me autiz\u00ebm skanimit m\u00eb t\u00eb madh dhe p\u00ebrfshirjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb game m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb sjelljesh n\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizimin e \u00e7rregullimit. Historikisht, p\u00ebrkufizimi i autizmit p\u00ebrfshinte vet\u00ebm aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb kufizuara intelektuale t\u00eb moderuara, deri n\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda. Sot, mjek\u00ebt njohin se format m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb vet\u00ebm rreth 25 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb rasteve.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb vitin 2013, ekspert\u00ebt e sh\u00ebndetit mendor kombinuan tri diagnoza t\u00eb ndara \u2013 \u00e7rregullimi autistik, \u00e7rregullimi i Aspergerit dhe \u00e7rregullimi zhvillimor gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebs \u2013 n\u00ebn ombrell\u00ebn e \u00e7rregullimit t\u00eb spektrit t\u00eb autizmit.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb studim i tetorit 2024 mbi t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e sigurimeve sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore n\u00eb SHBA gjeti rritjet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb diagnozave n\u00eb grupe q\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb kishin norma t\u00eb ul\u00ebta zbulimi, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb, grat\u00eb dhe f\u00ebmij\u00ebt nga disa grupe racore ose etnike.<\/p>\n
Studiuesit kan\u00eb v\u00ebrejtur gjithashtu se disa faktor\u00eb rreziku jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm, si lindja e parakohshme apo lindja nga prind\u00ebr t\u00eb moshuar.<\/p>\n
Diagnozat e formave m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda t\u00eb \u00e7rregullimit, t\u00eb njohura si autiz\u00ebm i thell\u00eb, nuk jan\u00eb rritur ndjesh\u00ebm sa format m\u00eb t\u00eb lehta t\u00eb autizmit, raportoi CDC.<\/p>\n
Kennedy ka deklaruar, pa prova shkencore, se faktor\u00ebt mjedisor\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr rritjen e madhe t\u00eb rasteve t\u00eb autizmit dhe se ai planifikon t\u00eb financoj\u00eb hulumtime p\u00ebr t\u2019i identifikuar ato.<\/p>\n
A ka tretman?<\/p>\n
Nuk ka tretman apo sh\u00ebrbim p\u00ebr autizmin. Megjithat\u00eb, ekspert\u00ebt pajtohen se diagnoza e hershme \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore. Nd\u00ebrhyrjet mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebse \u2013 idealisht para mosh\u00ebs trevje\u00e7are \u2013 jan\u00eb vendimtare p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e aft\u00ebsive kognitive, sociale dhe t\u00eb komunikimit.<\/p>\n
K\u00ebto masa mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb terapi p\u00ebr t\u00eb folurit, terapi profesionale, trajnime p\u00ebr t\u2019u shoq\u00ebruar, terapi p\u00ebr integrimin ndijor, ndihma vizuale, rutina t\u00eb strukturuara, plane arsimore individuale, terapi familjare dhe ofrim t\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedisi t\u00eb qet\u00eb dhe t\u00eb parashikuesh\u00ebm. \/REL<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Qeveria e Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara i b\u00ebri t\u00eb ditura t\u00eb dh\u00ebna e reja k\u00ebt\u00eb jav\u00eb p\u00ebr autizmin, t\u00eb cilat tregojn\u00eb se shkalla e diagnostikimeve me autiz\u00ebm te f\u00ebmij\u00ebt amerikan\u00eb sh\u00ebnoi rritje rekorde n\u00eb vitin 2022. Autizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7rregullim neurologjik dhe zhvillimor, i karakterizuar nga nd\u00ebrprerje n\u00eb sinjalizimin e trurit, t\u00eb cilat shkaktojn\u00eb sjellje, komunikim, nd\u00ebrveprim […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":201300,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-201299","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-lajme"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiostargjilan.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/201299","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiostargjilan.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiostargjilan.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiostargjilan.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiostargjilan.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=201299"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/radiostargjilan.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/201299\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiostargjilan.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/201300"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiostargjilan.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=201299"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiostargjilan.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=201299"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiostargjilan.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=201299"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}